Many home and business are at risk of backflow, which can occur when a change in pressure forces contaminated water to flow back into a source of clean water, such as a public water supply, drinking water well, or reservoir. Backflow can be dangerous as it can contaminate clean water supplies with harmful bacteria, chemicals, and other contaminants, leading to illness, water damage, and other health risks.
Understanding what is the only certain way to prevent backflow is crucial for protecting your property and the water supply. This article will guide you through the causes of backflow and provide you with the definite solution to prevent it.
The only certain way to prevent backflow is to install an approved backflow prevention device. These devices, such as check valves or reduced pressure zone (RPZ) backflow preventers, create a physical barrier that prevents water from flowing backward. By creating a one-way flow, these devices ensure that contaminated water cannot enter the clean water supply, protecting your property and the health of your community.
Types of Backflow Prevention Devices
Check Valves
Check valves are simple and widely used backflow prevention devices. They contain a spring-loaded valve that opens when water flows in the normal direction but closes when water pressure reverses, preventing backflow.
Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Backflow Preventers
RPZ backflow preventers are more complex devices that consist of two check valves and a pressure-reducing chamber. They create a low-pressure zone between the two check valves, which prevents backflow even when there is a sudden drop in water pressure.
Air Gaps
Air gaps are not physical devices, but they provide a reliable and simple method of backflow prevention. An air gap is created when the discharge end of a water-using fixture (such as a faucet, sink, or washing machine) is located at least 2 inches above the flood level rim of the fixture. The air gap prevents backflow by allowing air to enter the line, preventing water from flowing backward.
Causes of Backflow
Cross-Connections
Cross-connections occur when two plumbing systems that should remain separate become connected, creating a path for backflow. This can happen intentionally through hose bibs, sprayers, or other fixtures, or unintentionally through damaged or improperly installed plumbing.
Back Pressure
Back pressure occurs when the pressure in a downstream system becomes greater than the pressure in the upstream system. This can happen if the downstream system is at a lower elevation or if it has a pump that creates excessive pressure.
Water Hammer
Water hammer is a sudden increase in water pressure caused by a sudden change in water flow. This can happen when a faucet or valve is turned off quickly or when a washing machine or dishwasher shuts off.
Signs of Backflow
Discolored Water
If you notice discolored water coming from your faucets, it could be a sign of backflow. Contaminated water can contain sediment, rust, or other impurities that can discolor the water.
Foul Odor
A foul odor coming from your faucets could also indicate backflow. Contaminants in the water can create an unpleasant odor.
Sudden Increase in Water Pressure
If you experience a sudden increase in water pressure, it could be a sign of backflow. Back pressure can cause water to surge through your pipes, leading to higher water pressure.
Protecting Your Property from Backflow
Install Backflow Prevention Devices
The most effective way to protect your property from backflow is to install approved backflow prevention devices. Install these devices on all water-using fixtures that are at risk of backflow, such as hose bibs, sinks, toilets, and washing machines.
Maintain and Inspect Backflow Prevention Devices
Regular maintenance and inspection of backflow prevention devices are crucial to ensure they are functioning properly. Check the devices regularly for any signs of wear or damage and have them serviced or replaced as needed by a qualified plumber.
FAQ
How do I know if I have backflow?
Some signs of backflow include discolored water, foul odor, sudden increase in water pressure, or flooding.
What are the health risks of backflow?
Backflow can contaminate drinking water with harmful bacteria, chemicals, and other contaminants, leading to illness or other health risks.
How much does it cost to prevent backflow?
The cost of preventing backflow varies depending on the type of backflow prevention device and the complexity of the installation. Contact a qualified plumber for a quote.
Is it illegal to not have backflow prevention devices?
In many areas, it is illegal to not have approved backflow prevention devices installed on water-using fixtures. Check with your local building code or plumbing inspector for specific requirements.
Who should I contact to install or maintain backflow prevention devices?
Contact a licensed and certified plumber to install or maintain backflow prevention devices. They have the necessary training and expertise to ensure the devices are installed and functioning properly.
Conclusion
Understanding what is the only certain way to prevent backflow is critical for protecting the health of your family, business, and community. Backflow prevention devices, such as check valves and RPZ backflow preventers, provide a reliable and effective method of preventing backflow. By installing and maintaining these devices, you can safeguard your property from the risks of backflow and ensure the safety of your drinking water supply.